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11 years ago, Satoshi Nakamoto dug up the first bitcoin in "London, England"

2020-11-30 19:28
Read this article in 37 Minutes
The researchers compiled scatter diagrams according to different time zones to analyze when Satoshi Nakamoto was active and when he was inactive, and further confirmed the most likely location of Satoshi Nakamoto.
Original source: The Chain Bulletin
Original author: Doncho Karaivanov


2011 When Satoshi Nakamoto decided to leave the Bitcoin community in April, he did not respond to the last email sent to him by Gavin Andresen. No one can know the reason for his departure, but he left a lot of information, allowing future generations to conduct in-depth research on the whereabouts of Satoshi Nakamoto when he developed Bitcoin.


This article comes from "The Chain Bulletin", due to the large amount of information in the original text , slightly deleted, please refer to the end of the article for the original text, analysts conducted in-depth research on the location of Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcoin research, trying to overturn or confirm the previous public information about which country Satoshi Nakamoto is in, the original source of this research The data comes from the following points:


Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcointalk account (total 539 available posts)

·His password in 34 e-mails on the Science and Bitcoin mailing list

·He contributed to SourceForge (Rhythm Note: SourceForge, also known as SF.net, is an open source Centralized place for development management by software developers) 169 Commits

·2008 and 2009 Metadata for the two editions of the Bitcoin white paper

·Genesis block information

·Wayback Machine (Rhythm note: the website time machine, the digital archive of the World Wide Web, specially used to store web pages for future access


All data above are timestamped from 2008 October 31, 2010, when Satoshi Nakamoto first talked about Bitcoin on the Cryptography and Bitcoin mailing list; and finally December 13, 2010, when he sent his last email, time stamped in UTC Time, a total of 206 days (non-continuous), 742 movements.



Based on the above data, the researchers compiled The activity scatter diagram, used to analyze when Satoshi Nakamoto was active and when he was not active, further confirmed the most likely location of Satoshi Nakamoto's home based on other data collected.


Prior to this, public speculation about the location of Satoshi Nakamoto was basically are the following 5 time zones: UK (GMT), US East (EST), US Pacific (PST), Japan (JST) and Australia (AEST). The latter two views are easily proven unlikely, but the first three require further research.


1. Bitcointalk trends


From the creation of the account on November 19, 2009 to the last appearance on December 13, 2010, Satoshi Nakamoto made a total of 539 speeches during the active period of Bitcointalk Second, all posts have timestamp information when they are published.


Since accessing the website from different locations will display the corresponding release based on UTC The date and time, therefore, can be used to draw a graph of different time zones based on this to confirm whether the original guess is true.


Europe/London Time Zone



< /p>

Scatterplot of Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcointalk movement, first post Nov 22, 2009 - last post Dec 12, 2010, based in London, UK Time Zone



It is worth noting that the above pictures are easily confusing , people see the blank space in the middle and deduce that in this time zone, Satoshi Nakamoto went to bed at 6 am and slept until 1 pm. However, sometimes he is active between 6am and 7am, it's just that this part of the data is only 2% of all active data, which means that he usually does not start active until the early hours of the morning (specific for this time zone), but only in the This is done in a few cases.


Careful inspection of the data reveals that most of his last activities All between 1am and 3am. To eliminate possible misunderstandings, the researchers plotted a 6-hour range of median last activity based on available data and on the corresponding time zone graph.


US/Eastern Time Zone



< /p>

Scatter plot of Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcointalk movement, based on the US Eastern time zone


US/Pacific Time Zone



Satoshi Nakamoto's Scatterplot of Bitcointalk movements, based on US Pacific time zone


At first glance , all three locations seem plausible. In London, he is a night owl, working until the wee hours and sleeping until noon; on the East Coast of the US, he works until the end of the day and sleeps until morning; on the West Coast, he is an early bird, going to bed very early at night , also woke up very early. If we rely on these data alone, we cannot rule out reasonable doubts, and we need to add other analyzes to determine which time zone Satoshi Nakamoto lives in.


2. Commits trends


In the early stages of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto and the few developers who joined the Bitcoin project early may not have SVN (Rhythm Note: SVN is subversion Acronym for , an open source version control system that allows multiple people to work together on the same project, enabling shared resources and eventual centralized management) or work with local repositories.


By August 30, 2009, the project progress will be uploaded To SourceForge, all commit records can be traced back query, according to View, Satoshi Nakamoto submitted a total of 169 times with the user name "s_nakamoto", and the timestamp of each submission exists in UTC time format. Do a scatterplot in the same way as the Bitcointalk post above to see when Satoshi Nakamoto was active on SourceForge.


Europe/London time



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Scatter plot of Satoshi Nakamoto's SourceForge movement, first seen Oct 21, 2009 - last seen Dec 15, 2010, based in London, UK Time Zone


US/Eastern Time

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Scatterplot of Satoshi Nakamoto’s SourceForge movement, based on US Eastern time zone


America/Pacific Time Zone


< img src="https://image.theblockbeats.com/upload/2020-11-30/1baaf6eb47c16fa3eed47f713418faa1aee0567e.png">

Satoshi Nakamoto SourceForge Trends scatter plot, based on US Pacific time zone


From above From the scatter diagram, it can be found that the information disclosed by Commit is consistent with the dynamics of Bitcointalk. This can be said to be good news, but it does not have a clear information point. At present, all three statements are possible.


Email Campaign


On October 31, 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto on the cryptography mailing list announced the Bitcoin project, and he continued to be interested in Bitcoin on the mailing list and wanted to know more He discussed the characteristics of this project in detail, such as the double-spend problem that everyone is concerned about and the solution of Bitcoin. The last email appeared in 2010 December 13th.


Here are the more emails, but we cannot verify what he wrote to Mike Hearn, Wei Dai, Lazlo Hanecz , Jon Matonis, and Dustin Trammel emails have timestamps in UTC. Therefore, the data used for this part of the analysis was only sourced from the cryptocurrency and bitcoin mailing lists.


Europe/London Time



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Scatterplot of Satoshi Nakamoto's Email Trends, first email on October 21, 2009 - last email on December 15, 2010, based on UK London Time Zone


US/Eastern Time


< br>

Scatterplot of Satoshi Nakamoto’s email trends, based on US Pacific time zone


US/Pacific Time Zone



Scatterplot of Satoshi Nakamoto's email movements, based on US Pacific time zone


Again, the above information still doesn't tip the scales in favor of one of the three possible locations. If we overlap these three types of data again, see what we can find.


All Activities


< /p>

Merge all 539 Bitcointalk emails, 169 commits, and 34 email timestamps of Satoshi Nakamoto to better understand Satoshi Nakamoto’s active mode . Reminder: Nakamoto's first movement occurred on October 31, 2008, when he first announced Bitcoin on the mailing list, and the last movement occurred on December 13, when he released Bitcoin. Coin version 0.3.19.


Europe/London Time



< /p>

Scatterplot of Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcointalk, SourceForge and email activity, based on London UK time


US/Eastern Time Zone

 


Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcointalk, SourceForge and Email Active Scatter Plot, based on US Eastern Time

 

US/Pacific Time Zone



Scatterplot of Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcointalk, SourceForge, and email activity, based on US Pacific Time


Have you noticed the big "S" in the London and Eastern time zones of the United States? If plotting all the timestamp data into a graph still doesn't show where it belongs, it can only be said that it may be one of these three locations.


In addition, this method also excludes Japan and Australia Good way:


Asia/Tokyo time zone


< br>

Scatter plot of Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcointalk, SourceForge and email activity, based on Tokyo, Japan time


Obviously, the information in the picture above shows that Japan is unlikely (active from early morning to noon), and there are other grounds to rule it out The possibility of excluding Japan is not shown here for the time being.


Australia/Sydney Time Zone



< /p>

Scatterplot of Satoshi Nakamoto’s Bitcointalk, SourceForge and email activity, based on Sydney time zone

 

Unless Satoshi Nakamoto is a "vampire" (both active in the early hours of the morning), this kind of speculation is impossible.

 

In short, Satoshi Nakamoto’s movements on Bitcointalk and SourceForge, As well as his email information, it gives a clearer framework and allows us to deduce his location.

 

Bitcoin Genesis Block

< br>

When we see Bitcoin's Genesis Block and the information embedded in it, we can find that the starting point of the story may have happened in the British Greenwich Mean Time Zone.


The key detail is the headline, "Chancellor to impose regulation 4 on banks The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks" was a story that appeared in The Times on January 3, 2009:




Of course Satoshi could have put this in the genesis block even if Satoshi lived anywhere in the US. But the problem is that this issue of The Times was not in the U.S. issue. The New York Times, May 26, 2006 announced the planned June 6, 2006 issue of The Times of London in the New York and Washington area (Note: The Times is sometimes referred to by English speakers as The Times of London ( The London Times).


However, Even setting aside the geographic limitations of the US edition of The Times, it differs from the UK edition in typography, copy editing, etc. It is unlikely that the US front page of the paper on 3 January 2009 would have Same format as the UK edition, and the analysis team did not find a screenshot of the US edition of The Times on January 3, 2009 anywhere.


Having said that, you could argue that Satoshi Nakamoto could be viewed via the internet, and it is possible. At the time, the New York Times had set up a website (timesonline.co.), but Article title appears to be slightly different: Chancellor Alistair Darling on brink of second bailout for banks). It also has the speaker's name on it.


This means that Satoshi Nakamoto is unlikely to be on the website After reading this article, even if he read it, it is likely that the title of the website was used for the genesis block, not the title of the newspaper version.




At this point, the balance of judgment is tilted towards the British Greenwich Mean Time Zone. And this time the information doesn't include the fact that he spells words ending in -ise instead of -ize, and -our instead of -or, as in words like analysis, organize, neighbor, and colour. In addition, he also used the term 「bloody」 (Rhythm Note: One of the best swear words in English, most of them are used to express surprise, and Americans will avoid saying "bloody" because it sounds silly). According to the argument of the New York Times article, analysts not only believe that he is British, but also believe that he is engaged in Bitcoin research in London.




July 8, 2008 to December 8, 2008 New York Times Readership Statistics, National Readership Survey/Website Time Machine


As shown above, data from the 2008 National Readership Survey shows the Times' readership statistics for that year, with 770,000 (43%) of the 1.8 million print readers coming from London, with the rest coming from different parts of the UK. This means that almost one in two people in London reads The Times. Taking all the data together, it is speculated that Satoshi Nakamoto probably lived in London between 2008 and 2010.


Incompleteness


A theory is not a good theory if it is not attacked from all angles. There is no dispute about the timestamp data we cite, which is the pattern of Satoshi Nakamoto's activity. However, if we don't consider the signature information of the genesis block, there are other things we need to consider.


Metadata of white paper


PDF files contain metadata. Satoshi Nakamoto wrote the first version of Bitcoin When he saves the white paper on his computer, the white paper contains a timestamp and, more importantly, information about the time zone where the computer is located.


The metadata displayed in the two versions of the white paper are different. One of the explanations is that Satoshi used virtual machines for some of his activities and set the time zone to an arbitrary time zone. Another possibility is that he manually manipulated the computer's time zone while working on the files.


There is also a possibility that Satoshi Nakamoto is not himself Created as a PDF document, he might finish writing his dissertation in a Word document and then send it to someone for final editing. This might explain why the two versions have different time zones, as he may have sent the second version of the newspaper to another person.



To sum up, if Nakamoto Satoshi did create these PDF files, and we know he's very careful about privacy, so it's unlikely he forgot to clear/modify the metadata in them. Therefore, we can reasonably assume that he doesn't think there is any metadata in the PDF that would expose him in any way, making the timezone data in it irrelevant.


The Times Digital Website


As we mentioned before, the information Satoshi Nakamoto saw on the website may not include the title "Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks" (Because the title of this news on the website is not this), but his title was placed in the genesis block. The web archive shows that the Times website has a page showing uploaded a screenshot of the daily newspaper cover.



Since November 19, 2008, digital newspaper uploads its print version Cover Snapshot / Website Time Machine



However, the Website Time Machine does not record the January 3, 2009 snapshot, but It's also quite possible that a screenshot of the newspaper cover from that day was reported. Typically, other publications publish daily summaries of headlines from newspapers around the world, including Reuters, which in a January 3, 2009


In addition, The Times also provides E-newspaper subscription service, subscribers can purchase an electronic version of the newspaper for a fee. All this information shows that even though Satoshi lived in the United States, he could have seen the news headlines marked in the genesis block from many sources.


However, when people simply open the homepage of the website, they can read the news Why go to The Times newspaper page or use their e-newspaper subscription option to check out the cover when ? And, one only has to read Satoshi's emails and forum posts to know that Satoshi knew he was on to something special. He's trying not to hype too much, but it's clear he thinks Bitcoin has a future.


It is very likely that the genesis block was an important historical event for Satoshi Nakamoto, He may decide to include a message in it that will always stand the test of time. Of course, that also means he's looking for something thematic, special, and memorable. Even so, though, such a "wish" is hard to come by by reading a roundup of 20 headlines or listening to a morning show host read newspaper headlines, right?


Maybe Satoshi Nakamoto heard about this in a few days article, and think it's perfect for passing information in the genesis block. The first bitcoin was mined on January 9, 2009 after the genesis block was mined. It is conceivable that he learned of this article on January 7th, rewrote the code of the genesis block that day, and then mined the first block the next day, creating a block between himself and Hal Finney. First BTC transaction. This sentence is a few lines of text in the Bitcoin source code, from version 0.1.0:



< /p>


This is unlikely to happen because the genesis block ( block.ntime) has a timestamp of January 3, 2009 18:15:05 UTC. Hearing about it a few days after the article was published, and then going back to set the timestamp of the genesis block to any random time from January 3, 2009 is highly unlikely.


Finally, if the title of an article on the Times website was originally There is no speaker, is it possible that the update added it later? This is not possible as we found the article quoted an article from The Times, but the title has this information.


Conclusion


Now, we can probably conclude with relative certainty that when Satoshi Nakamoto was working on Bitcoin, he probably lived in the UK, or maybe in London. Both his writing style, his activity patterns, and the hidden information of the genesis block point to the British capital as his most likely location.


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